GG3V Garrison94 does not list a G3V anchor standard, and MK73 does not list a MK73 dagger standard. Keenan84 does not list G3 as a full subtype like G2 and G5, and "other possible subdivisions are utilized only for interpolation whenever we think that we can classify accurately enough to justify their use. Thus when we call a star G3 we mean only that it is closer to G2 than to G5." G2V and G5V have well-defined standards (Sun and kappa Ceti, respectively), and there is only a 150K difference between them. G3V and G4V are not particularly well-defined in terms of standards, as we'll see. KeenanMcNeil76 stan.: "16 Cyg Prec." (=16 Cyg A) - G3V Keenan80 standard: HR 3538 (=HD 76151) - G3V 16 Cyg A (=HD 186408="16 Cyg prec.") - G3V HD 214850 (=HR 8631) - G3V Keenan83 standard: HR 3538 (=HD 76151) - G3V 9 Cet (=HD 1835) - G3-V 20 LMi (=HD 86728) - G3Va Hdel1 Keenan85 standard: 20 LMi (=HD 86728) - G3Va Hdel1 Corbally86 standard: HD 26736 (= vB 15) - G3V Kleinmann86 standard: 16 Cyg A - G3V Keenan88 standard: 20 LMi (=HD 86728) - G3Va Hdel1 16 Cyg B (=HD 186427= "16 Cyg fol") - G3V Keenan89 standards: 16 Cyg B (=HD 186427) - G3V HD 86728 - G3Va Hdel1 20 LMi (=HD 86728) - G3Va Hdel1 Keenan99 standards: 20 LMi (=HD 86728) - G3 Va H delta 1 (prim. stan., incorrectly written 20 Leo) 109 Psc - G3 Va (secondary standard) HD 1461 - G3 V Fe 0.5 (secondary standard) GrayNstars standard: 16 Cyg B (=HD 186427) - G3V The 16 Cyg binary is worth some extra discussion as *both* of its components have been mentioned as G3V standards in different papers over the years. Keenan lists 16 Cyg A (=HR 7503 = HD 186408) as "prec." in all of his papers, and 16 Cyg B (=HR 7504 = HD 186427) as "fol.". Here is how the classifications of 16 Cyg A and B have varied over the years according to influential MK classifiers: 16_Cyg_A(HD_186408) 16_Cyg_B(HD_186427) Adams35 G3V G2V (forerunner to MK papers) JohnsonMorgan53 G2V G5V (both standards) MorganKeenan73 (not listed) (not listed) KeenanMcNeil76 G3V G5V (both standards) Keenan80 G3V G4V (both standards) Keenan83 G1.5Vb G2.5V (both standards) Keenan85 G1.5Vb G3V (both standards) Keenan89 G1.5Vb G3V (both standards) Gray01 G1.5V G2V Gray03: G1.5V G3V Note that JohnsonMorgan53 did not list G3V and G4V standards, and considered 16 Cyg B and kap Cet to both be G5V standards (today kap Cet is considered an anchor G5V). Skiff08 flags two stars as G3V standards, all from Keenan89: HD 186427 (G3V) & HD 86728 (G3Va Hdel1). Gray01/03/06 list 17 nearby G3V stars. Median HIP colors: (G3V) = 0.667 (+-0.004 sem, +-0.014 stdev; N=17) (G3V) = 0.724 (+-0.007 sem, +-0.020 stdev; N=17) For G3V Hipparcos stars within 75pc, with parallax S/N > 8, and within 1 mag of the MS (N=241): (G3V) = 0.639 (+-0.002 sem, +-0.031 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.681 (+-0.001 sem, +-0.027 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.946 (+-0.010 sem, +-0.044 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 1.146 (+-0.012 sem, +-0.058 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 1.539 (+-0.005 sem, +-0.072 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.705 (+-0.022 sem, +-0.044 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.454 (+-0.022 sem, +-0.037 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.671 (+-0.020 sem, +-0.044 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 0.316 (+-0.019 sem, +-0.028 stdev; N=241) (G3V) = 2.178 (+-0.006 sem, +-0.088 stdev; N=241) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.63 ; KenyonHartmann65 (B-V)(G3V) = 0.631 (+-0.010 sem,+-0.038 stdev); med. 17 ARICNS G3V stars (G3V) = 0.639 ; 241 HIP d<75pc (+-0.002 sem, +-0.031 stdev; N=241) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.65 ; Fitzgerald70, Morgan71 (B-V)(G3V) = 0.653 ; median SIMBAD G3V d<25pc (N=12) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.653 ; exemplar HD 150248 (B-V)(G3V) = 0.657 ; tert. stan. HD 26736 (Hyad) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.661 ; prim. stan. 16 Cyg B (B-V)(G3V) = 0.665 ; median CATSUP d<30pc (N=6) (G3V) = 0.667 ; 17 Gray01/03/06 (+-0.004 sem, +-0.014 stdev; N=17) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.676 ; variant stan. 20 LMi (metal-rich) (B-V)(G3V) = 0.720 ; deprecated stan. 107 Psc => adopt (B-V)(G3V) = 0.660 *** [last updated 7/20/2019, linear interp G2V-G5V] => adopt (U-B)(G3V) = 0.151 => adopt (V-I)(G3V) = 0.721 => adopt (V-R)(G3V) = 0.367 => adopt (R-I)(G3V) = 0.354 => adopt (V-J)(G3V) = 1.216 => adopt (V-H)(G3V) = 1.514 => adopt (V-Ks)(G3V) = 1.588 => adopt (H-Ks)(G3V) = 0.074 => adopt (J-H)(G3V) = 0.299 (V-Ks)(G3V) = 1.570 (+-0.043) ; B-V vs. V-Ks for XHIP d<50pc G dwarfs (-0.1<[Fe/H]<0.1) for B-V=0.660 (Ks-W1)(G3V) = 0.061 ; EEM trend for d<30pc for B-V=0.66 => adopt (Ks-W1)(G3V) = 0.061 [updated 12/29/2019] (Bp-Rp)(G2V) = 0.815 ; adopted G2V from solar twins (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.8214 ; HD_26736 (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.8319 ; 16_Cyg_B (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.832 ; color trend for B-V=0.66 (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.8355 ; HD_150248 (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.879 ; Evans18 trend for V-I=0.721 => adopt (Bp-Rp)(G3V) = 0.83 [updated 11/15/2020] (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.349 ; adopted G2V from solar twins (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.3502 ; HD_26736 (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.3602 ; HD_150248 (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.3610 ; 16_Cyg_B (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.369 ; color trend for B-V=0.66 => adopt (Bp-G)(G3V) = 0.36 [updated 11/15/2020] (G-Rp)(G3V) = 0.464 ; color rend for B-V=0.66 (G-Rp)(G2V) = 0.466 ; adopted G2V from solar twins (G-Rp)(G3V) = 0.4709 ; 16_Cyg_B (G-Rp)(G3V) = 0.4712 ; HD_26736 (G-Rp)(G3V) = 0.4753 ; HD_150248 => adopt (G-Rp)(G3V) = 0.47 [updated 11/15/2020] (G-V)(G3V) = -0.188 ; HD 114613 PM* G3V (G-V)(G2V) = -0.167 ; adopted for G2V based on solar twins (G-V)(G3V) = -0.167 ; G dwarf trend for G3V (G-V)(G3V) = -0.167 ; HD 157347 PM* G3V (G-V)(G3V) = -0.166 ; HD 1461 PM* G3VFe0.5 (G-V)(G3V) = -0.164 ; HD 193664 PM* G3V (G-V)(G3V) = -0.155 ; HD 145825 PM* G3V (G-V)(G3V) = -0.138 ; HD 59967 PM* G3V (G-V)(G3V) = -0.136 ; * 16 Cyg G3V => adopt (G-V)(G3V) = -0.167 [updated 11/1/2020] (U-B)(G3V) = 0.114 ; HIP d<75pc S/N>8 G3V N=60 (Mermilliod91 photometry) (g-r)(G3V) = 0.463 ; Covey07 interp G2V-G5V (g-r)(G3V) = 0.481 ; Jordi06 (V-R)=>(g-r) for V-R=0.367 (g-r)(G3V) = 0.490 ; Bilir05 (B-V)=>(g-r) for B-V=0.660 => adopt (g-r)(G3V) = 0.48 [updated 10/10/2020] when unstated, logg=4.5 and [Fe/H]=0.0 were adopted for Teff-color fits Teff(G3V) = 5562 +- 150 K ; vanBelle09 Teff(G3V) = 5618 K ; deprecated 107 Psc (PASTEL mean, see below) Teff(G3V) = 5636 K ; Ramirez05 Teff calibration for B-V=0.661 Teff(G3V) = 5672 K ; ter. stan. HD 26736 (PASTEL mean, see below) Teff(G3V) = 5677 K ; mean photometric Teff Teff(G3V) = 5693 K ; interp (G2V-G5V) GrayCorbally09 Teff(G3V) = 5711 K ; Teff from smoothed SpT(Teff) trend Teff(G3V) = 5716 K ; Casagrande10 Teff calibration for B-V=0.661 Teff(G3V) = 5720 K ; non-stan. HD 150248 (see below) Teff(G3V) = 5722 K ; Teff for d<30pc [Fe/H]=+-0.1 dex dwarfs from Hinkel17 for B-V=0.662 Teff(G3V) = 5725 K ; Biazzo07 Teff calibration for B-V=0.661 Teff(G3V) = 5739 K ; variant standard 20 LMi (metal-rich) Teff(G3V) = 5752 K ; pri. stan. 16 Cyg B (PASTEL mean, see below) Teff(G3V) = 5860 K ; median among 785 published Teffs for G3V stars => adopt Teff(G3V) = 5720 K (logT = 3.757) [updated 8/29/2019] BCv(G3V) = -0.092 mag ; Casagrande18(Teff=5720K,logg=4.5) BCv(G3V) = -0.093 mag ; Bessell98(ATLAS9,logg=4.5,Teff=5720K) BCv(G3V) = -0.094 mag ; Masana06(Teff=5720K) BCv(G3V) = -0.094 mag ; Flower96(Teff=5720K) BCv(G3V) = -0.094 mag ; EEM fit to Casagrande06/08/10 (Teff=5720K) BCv(G3V) = -0.097 mag ; Bertone04(Teff=5720K) BCv(G3V) = -0.099 mag ; Balona94(Teff=5720K) => adopt BCv(G3V) = -0.095 [last updated 9/20/2019, on scale where BCv(5772K)=-0.085] Mv(G3V) = 4.98 mag ; V-Ks=1.59 for EEM poly fit to SIMBAD d<25pc (1/2022) (M_Ks=3.39) Mv(G3V) = 4.9 mag ; GrayCorbally09 Mv(G3V) = 4.91 mag ; CATSUP -0.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.1 d<30pc for B-V=0.660 Mv(G3V) = 4.90 mag ; exemplar HD 150248 Mv(G3V) = 4.90 mag ; B-V=0.66 => interp G2V-G5V Mv(G3V) = 4.89 mag ; B-V=0.66 => EEM fit to SIMBAD dwarfs d<25pc Mv(G3V) = 4.87 mag ; Gray01/03/06 dwarfs, xHIP B-V/Mv, Gaspar16 |[Fe/H]|<0.05 "solar": fit for B-V=0.66 Mv(G3V) = 4.86 mag ; B-V=0.66 => Mv(Wright05) Mv(G3V) = 4.82 mag ; median XHIP G3V d<20pc Mv(G3V) = 4.79 mag ; median SIMBAD G3V d<25pc (N=12) Mv(G3V) = 4.67 mag ; sec. stan. HD 26736 (Hyad) Mv(G3V) = 4.62 mag ; pri. stan. 16 Cyg B Mv(G3V) = 4.22 mag ; Wegner07 => adopt Mv(G3V) = 4.87 mag [updated 9/26/2020] => adopt M_G(G3V) = 4.703 mag [updated 12/10/2020] (Mv=4.87, G-V=-0.167) => adopt M_Ks(G3V) = 3.282 mag [updated 12/30/2020] (Mv=4.87, V-Ks=1.588) logL(G3V) = -0.014 dex ; Mv=4.87, BCv=-0.095 => Mbol = 4.775 => adopt logL(G3V) = -0.014 dex [updated 9/26/2019] => adopt Mbol(G3V) = 4.775 mag [updated 9/26/2019] Rad(G3V) = 0.988 Rsun ; Teff=5720K, logL=-0.014 => adopt Rad(G3V) = 1.002 Rsun [updated 9/26/2019] Mass(G3V) = 0.996 Msun ; EEM logL vs. Mass fit for binaries (logL=-0.026) Mass(G3V) = 0.997 Msun ; EEM Mv vs. Mass fit for binaries (Mv=4.9) Mass(G3V) = 0.992 Msun ; Ekers18 ML calibration for logL=-0.026 Mass(G3V) = 0.98 Msun ; pri. stan. 16 Cyg B (see below) => adopt Mass(G3V) = 0.99 Msun [updated 10/23/2019] # No standards JM53, Wilson62, Morgan65, MK73, Houk75, Keenan85 do not list a G3V standard # Primary Standard HD 186427 = 16_Cyg_B = HR 7504 = GJ 765.1B = "16 Cyg fol." (J1941+5031) G2V: Adams35,Gray01 G2.5V: Keenan83 *G3V: Keenan85,Keenan88,Keenan89,Gray03,Gray06 G4V: Keenan80 G4.5V: Stebbins57 G5V: JM53, Wilson62, KeenanMcNeil76(stan) 16 Cyg B has been considered a standard G2.5V, G3V, G4V, and G5V at different times by Morgan and Keenan. It appears that Keenan stopped at G3V in the 80s, and Gray03/06 adopted this (although Gray01 said G2V). I adopt Keenan's final "G3V" and consider it a primary standard. B-V[HIP]=0.661+-0.005. Mass = 0.99 Msun (Howard10), 0.97 Msun (Holmberg07) => median Mass = 0.98 Msun. PASTEL mean parameters: Teff = 5752+-8K, [Fe/H] = 0.064+-0.005, logg=4.36+-0.02. Mv=4.62. Both stars are consistent with being slightly metal-rich and slightly more evolved. Age = 7.0+-0.3 Gyr(Judge17). # Tertiary Standard HD 26736 = Cl Melotte 25 15 = HIP 19793 *G3V: Morgan65,Corbally86(stan,Morgan65) G4: Wilson48 G5: Cannon,Wilson62 (B-V) = 0.657(HIP), Mv=4.67. PASTEL mean parameters: Teff = 5762+-35K, [Fe/H] = 0.15+-0.03, logg=4.43+-0.07. Appears to be slightly metal-rich version of Sun (i.e. statistically similar Teff, log(g). # Exemplar HD 150248 = HIP 81746 *G3V: Eggen57, Houk78, Gray06 All three classifications in Skiff MK compendium are G3V. V=7.03(HIP), B-V=0.653+-0.000(HIP), V-Ic=0.72+-0.00(HIP), J=5.853+-0.020(2MASS), H=5.532+-0.021(2MASS), Ks=5.445+-0.016(2MASS), V-Ks = 1.585(HIP,2MASS), Mv=4.90. PASTEL mean parameters: Teff = 5720+-11K, [Fe/H] = -0.10+-0.01, logg = 4.45+-0.03. # Deprecated Standard HD 10697 = 109 Psc = HR 508 (J0144+2004) G3Va: Keenan89,Keenan99 *G4IV: Adams35,Cowley79 G5IV: Harlan69 G5V: Cannon(G5),Hagan67 Only considered standard by Keenan, and not low log(g). (B-V) = 0.720(HIP). PASTEL mean parameters: Teff = 5618+-10K, [Fe/H]=0.146+-0.011, logg=4.048+-0.035. # Variant HD 1461 = HR 72 = BD-08_38 = SAO 128690 *G3V Fe 0.5: Keenan99 G3V: Gray03 G0V: Hoffleit91 HD 86728 = 20 LMi = HR 3951 = HIP 49081 = GJ 376a G1V: Cowley67 G2V: Bidelman51 G2Va Hdelta1: Keenan80 *G3Va Hdelta1: Keenan85,Keenan88,Keenan89,Keenan99 G4V: Adams35,Roman55,Gray03 G5V: 1966ArA.....3..501L G8: Bidelman85 Poor agreement among classifiers, like due to being so metal-rich. M dwarf companion 134" away. B-V(HIP)=0.676+-0.004, V=5.37(HIP). PASTEL median values: [Fe/H]=0.22(N=16), logg=4.31(N=14), Teff=5739K(N=21). Chromospherically dead: logR'HK = -5.060. 0.45 mag above MS.