K9V JM53, Houk75, KeenanMcNeil76, Keenan85, Keenan85, Kirkpatrick91, Henry02 do not list any K9V standards. Pecaut13 standard: HIP 3261 [K9V following Gray06] Keenan84 does not list K9 as a full subtype like K5 and M0, and "other possible subdivisions are utilized only for interpolation whenever we think that we can classify accurately enough to justify their use. Thus when we call a star G3 we mean only that it is closer to G2 than to G5." Gray01/03/06 classify 13 stars are K9V, and 11 have useful BVI colors in HIP. The brightest are HIP 8768 (V=8.89) and HIP 63833 (V=9.05). Note that Gray's K9Vs appear to be much closer to M0V than K8V is to K7V (indeed the K8Vs appear to be closer to halfway between the better defined K7V and M0V subtypes). Note that *none* of the exemplars yet identified truly has a V-Ks color intermediate between the adopted colors for K8V (3.50) and M0V (3.65). Median HIP colors: (K9V) = 1.418 (+-0.016 sem, +-0.040 stdev; N=11) (K9V) = 1.735 (+-0.039 sem, +-0.103 stdev; N=11) (K9V) = 3.156 (+-0.057 sem, +-0.144 stdev; N=11) The K9V star with median B-I color is HIP 3261 (V=10.58) (B-V)(K9V) = 1.362 ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 (K9V) = 1.37 ; Fitzgerald70 (B-V)(K9V) = 1.38 ; 1 ARICNS K8V star (B-V)(K9V) = 1.386 ; exemplar GJ 3138 (B-V)(K9V) = 1.392 ; trend for V-Ks=3.60 (B-V)(K9V) = 1.403 ; interp between K8V(V-Ks=3.5,B-V=1.37), M0V(V-Ks=3.65,B-V=1.42) (K9V) = 1.418 ; 11 Gray03/06 K9V stars (+-0.016 sem, +-0.040 stdev) (B-V)(K9V) = 1.426 ; median Koen10 d<25pc K9V (N=6) (B-V)(K9V) = 1.44 ; B-V for Gray03/06 star with median B-I: GJ 1016 (B-V)(K9V) = 1.444 ; exemplar GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 (B-V)(K9V) = 1.455 ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 => adopt (B-V)(K9V) = 1.40 [updated 8/13/2020] (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.416 ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 (V-Ks)(K8V) = 3.48 ; K8V adopted (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.55 ; trend for K/M standards+exemplars (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.641 ; deprecated standard GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.644 ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 (V-Ks)(M0V) = 3.65 ; M0V adopted (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.758 ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 => adopt (V-Ks)(K9V) = 3.55 [updated 12/23/2020] *** => adopt (U-B)(K9V) = 1.213 => adopt (V-I)(K9V) = 1.648 => adopt (V-R)(K9V) = 0.851 => adopt (R-I)(K9V) = 0.796 => adopt (V-J)(K9V) = 2.739 => adopt (V-H)(K9V) = 3.370 => adopt (H-Ks)(K9V) = 0.180 => adopt (J-H)(K9V) = 0.630 => adopt (V-Hp)(K9V) = -0.090 (U-B)(K9V) = 1.183 ; Koen10 median B-V for K9Vs (N=6) (V-Rc)(K9V) = 0.890 ; Koen10 median V-Rc for K9Vs (N=6) (V-Ic)(K9V) = 1.765 ; Koen10 median V-Ic for K9Vs (N=6) (G-J)(K9V) = 2.002 ; Bentley18/interp (G-Ks)(K9V) = 2.850 ; Bentley18/interp (Ks-W2)(K9V) = 0.104 ; Bentley18/interp (W1-W2)(K9V) = -0.002 ; Bentley18/interp (Ks-W1)(K9V) = 0.106 ; Bentley18/interp (Ks-W1)(K9V) = 0.113 ; EEM trend for d<30pc for V-Ks=3.54 (Ks-W1)(K8V) = 0.115 (Ks-W1)(M0V) = 0.12 => adopt (Ks-W1)(K9V) = 0.117 [updated 12/29/2019] (G-V)(K9V) = -0.562 ; exemplar HIP 14589 = LP 831-72 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.610 ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.63 ; K8V adopted (G-V)(K9V) = -0.653 ; trend SIMBAD d<20pc for V-Ks=3.54 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.67 ; interp K8V(-0.63), M0V(-0.69) (G-V)(K9V) = -0.688 ; from color locus fit for B-V = 1.42 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.690 ; exemplar GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.693 ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 (G-V)(K9V) = -0.69 ; M0V adopted (G-V)(K9V) = -0.722 ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 => adopt (G-V)(K9V) = -0.67 [updated 12/23/2020] => adopt (G-Ks)(K9V) = 3.55 + -0.67 = 2.88 [updated 12/23/2020] (Bp-Rp)(K7V)= 1.71 ; K7V adopted (Bp-Rp)(K8V)= 1.78 ; K8V adopted (Bp-Rp)(K9V)= 1.8047 ; interp K8V(1.78),M0V(1.84) (Bp-Rp)(M0V)= 1.84 ; M0V adopted (Bp-Rp)(M0V)= 1.8685 ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 => adopt (Bp-Rp)(K9V) = 1.805 [updated 12/23/2020] (G-Rp)(K7V) = 0.87 ; K7V adopted (G-Rp)(K8V) = 0.89 ; K8V adopted (G-Rp)(K9V) = 0.9024 ; interp K8V(0.89),M0V(0.92) (G-Rp)(M0V) = 0.92 ; M0V adopted (G-Rp)(M0V) = 0.9265 ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 => adopt (G-Rp)(K9V) = 0.90 [updated 12/23/2020] => adopt (Bp-G)(K9V) = 0.905 [updated 12/23/2020; Bp-Rp=1.805, G-Rp=0.90] (g-r)(K9V) = 1.268 ; Jordi06 (V-R)=>(g-r) for R-I=0.859 (g-r)(K9V) = 1.32 ; Covey07 interp K7V 1.34, M0V 1.31 (g-r)(K9V) = 1.322 ; Bilir05 (B-V)=>(g-r) for B-V=1.40 => adopt (g-r)(K9V) = 1.32 [updated 10/10/2020] Teff(K9V) = 3827 K ; Casagrande08 Teff calibration for V-Ks=3.60 Teff(K9V) = 3852 K ; Alonso96 Teff for V-Ks=3.60 Teff(K9V) = 3856 K ; mean photometric Teff Teff(K9V) = 3873 K ; vanBelle09 Teff calibration for V-Ks=3.60 Teff(K9V) = 3879 K ; Mozurkewich03 for V-Ks=3.60 Teff(K9V) = 3883 K ; smooth Teff(SpT) trend Teff(K9V) = 3910 K ; Morrell19 Teff for stars w/i +-0.1 mag of M_Ks=5.06 Teff(K9V) = 3912 K ; GJ 1016 (Morales08) Teff(K9V) = 3926 K ; interp K7V(4100K,V-Ks=3.35) & M0V(3850K,V-Ks=3.65) for V-Ks=3.55 Teff(K9V) = 3931 K ; Boyajian12 for V-Ks=3.54 Teff(K9V) = 3935 K ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 ([Fe/H] ~ -0.3) Teff(K9V) = 3943 K ; Ramirez05 Teff calibration for B-V=1.42 Teff(K9V) = 4246 K ; Biazzo07 Teff calibration for B-V=1.42 => adopt Teff(K9V) = 3930 K (logT = 3.594) [updated 12/23/2020] Mv(K9V) = 7.99 mag ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 Mv(K9V) = 8.53 mag ; V-K=3.55 => SchlaufmanLaughlin10 calib Mv(K9V) = 8.55 mag ; V-K=3.55 => EEM fit to Reid CNS3 data Mv(K9V) = 8.56 mag ; V-K=3.55 => EEM fit to MS data Mv(K9V) = 8.57 mag ; exemplar HIP 14589 = LP 831-72 Mv(K9V) = 8.61 mag ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 Mv(K9V) = 8.61 mag ; V-K=3.55 => EEM fit to Jao16 data Mv(K9V) = 8.65 mag ; V-K=3.55 => Mv(JohnsonApps09) Mv(K9V) = 8.73 mag ; median Koen10 d<25pc K9V (N=6) Mv(K9V) = 8.74 mag ; V-Ks=3.55 => Henry04 calib Mv(K9V) = 8.78 mag ; Wegner07 Mv(K9V) = 9.00 mag ; B-V=1.42 => Mv(Wright05) Mv(K9V) = 9.06 mag ; deprecated GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 Mv(K9V) = 9.23 mag ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 => adopt Mv(K9V) = 8.61 mag [updated 12/23/2020] (M_Ks=5.06, V-Ks=3.55) => adopt M_G(K9V) = 7.94 mag [updated 12/23/2020] (Mv=8.61, G-V=-0.67) => adopt M_Ks(K9V) = 5.06 mag [updated 12/23/2020] (Mv=8.61, V-Ks=3.55) M_G(K9V) = 7.38 ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 M_G(K9V) = 7.870 ; SIMBAD d<20pc trend for V-Ks=3.54 M_G(K9V) = 7.92 ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 M_G(K9V) = 8.01 ; exemplar HIP 14589 = LP 831-72 M_G(K9V) = 8.03 ; Mv=8.70, G-V=-0.67 M_G(K9V) = 8.37 ; deprecated standard GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 M_G(K9V) = 8.51 ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 M_Ks(K9V) = 4.58 mag ; exemplar GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 M_Ks(K9V) = 4.97 mag ; exemplar GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 M_Ks(K9V) = 4.98 mag ; SIMBAD d<20pc K dwarf trend for V-ks=3.60 M_Ks(K9V) = 4.98 mag ; V-Ks=3.55 => SchlaufmanLaughlin10 calib M_Ks(K9V) = 5.00 mag ; V-Ks=3.55 => EEM fit to Reid CNS3 data M_Ks(K9V) = 5.06 mag ; V-Ks=3.55 => EEM fit to Jao16 data M_Ks(K9V) = 5.08 mag ; exemplar HIP 14589 = LP 831-72 M_Ks(K9V) = 5.10 mag ; Mv=8.7, V-Ks=3.6 M_Ks(K9V) = 5.10 mag ; V_Ks=3.55 => JohnsonApps09 calib M_Ks(K9V) = 5.19 mag ; V-Ks=3.55 => Henry04 M_Ks(K9V) = 5.42 mag ; deprecated standard GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 M_Ks(K9V) = 5.48 mag ; exemplar GJ 88 = LHS 1357 BCv(K9V) = -1.288 mag ; Flower96(Teff=3900K, set so BCv(5772K)=-0.085) BCv(K9V) = -1.176 mag ; Casagrande18(Teff=3900K,logg=4.5, set so BCv(5772K)=-0.085) BCv(K9V) = -1.125 mag ; Mann15(V-J=2.786) BCv(K9V) = -1.079 mag ; Casagrande08(Teff=3900K, so BCv(5772K)=-0.085) BCv(K9V) = -1.07 mag ; BC_Ks=2.48, V-Ks=3.55 BCv(K9V) = -1.047 mag ; Bessell98(ATLAS9,logg=4.5,Teff=3970K, set so BCv(5772K)=-0.085) BCv(K9V) = -1.021 mag ; Bertone04(Teff=3900K, BCv(5772K)=-0.085) BCv(K9V) = -1.014 mag ; EEM fit to Casagrande06/08/10 (Teff=3970K, set so BCv(5772K)=-0.085) => adopt BCv(K9V) = -1.07 mag [updated 12/23/2020, set so BCv(5772K)=-0.085] BC_Ks(K9V) = 2.471 mag ; Morrell19 calibration for G-Ks=2.88 BC_Ks(K9V) = 2.492 mag ; Mann15(V-J=2.739) => adopt BC_Ks(K9V) = 2.48 mag [updated 12/23/2020, BCv=-1.07, V-Ks=3.55] logL(K9V) = -1.120 dex ; Mv=8.61, BCv=-1.07 => Mbol = 7.540 => adopt logL(K9V) = -1.120 dex [updated 12/23/2020] => adopt Mbol(K9V) = 7.540 mag [updated 12/23/2020] Mass(K9V) = 0.583 Msun ; Mann18 calib. for M_Ks=5.10 Mass(K9V) = 0.590 Msun ; Eker15 calibration for logL=-1.136 Mass(K9V) = 0.594 Msun ; Eker18 calib. for logL=-1.136 Mass(K9V) = 0.615 Msun ; EEM logL vs. Mass fit for binaries (logL=-1.136) Mass(K9V) = 0.619 Msun ; EEM fit to Torres10 binaries for Mv=8.7 Mass(K9V) = 0.627 Msun ; Benedict16 for M_Ks=5.10 Mass(K9V) = 0.636 Msun ; Delfosse00 calibration for M_Ks=5.10 Mass(K9V) = 0.669 Msun ; Benedict16 for Mv=8.6 => adopt Mass(K9V) = 0.59 Msun [updated 10/23/2019] Rad(K9V) = 0.633 Rsun ; Rabus19 trend for Teff=3970K Rad(K9V) = 0.5984 Rsun ; Mann15 M_Ks=5.06 Rad(K9V) = 0.594 Rsun ; logL=-1.120, Teff=3930K => adopt Rad(K9V) = 0.594 Rsun [updated 12/23/2020] # Deprecated Standard GJ 1016 = HIP 3261 = CD-34_239 = LTT_377 = G269-17 = TYC 6998-1640-1 = 2MASS J00413051-3337317 K7V: Reid95(Reid04) *K9V: Gray06,Pecaut13(stan) M0: Gaidos14 There appear to be no K9V standard stars in the literature before 2013. PecautMamajek13 adopted HIP 3261 as their K9V standard based on Gray06's classification and an intermediate appearance of the red spectrum between that of GJ 673 (K7V) and GJ 701 (M0V) [HIP 111288 was adopted as K8V standard; Gray06]. While GJ 701 was a M0V standard in Henry02, it appears from scanning more recent classification literature that GJ 701 is more appropropriately considered roughly M1V, and deprecated as a M0V standard (see notes on GJ 701 in M1V.txt). So GJ 1016 could be more ~M0V-like, as reported by Gaidos14. Note that its V-Ks (3.641) and B-V (1.432) colors are actually similar to the adopted M0V colors (V-Ks=3.65, B-V=1.42), and its absolute magnitudes (Mv=9.06, M_Ks=5.42) are actually a tad fainter than the adopted values for M0V (Mv=8.85, M_Ks=5.20). Gliese91 lists only "k" type. V=10.597+-0.05(M91), V=10.58(HIP), V=10.42(TYC), V=10.527+-0.025(APASSDR9), V=10.525(Koen10), B-V=1.440(M91), B-V=1.444(Koen10), B-V=1.432+-0.010(HIP), B-V=1.407+-0.061(APASSDR9), V-Rc=0.906(Koen10), V-Ic=1.75+-0.03(HIP), V-Ic=1.784(Koen10), U-B=1.170(Mermilliod91), U-B=1.169(Koen10), plx = 51.2+-2.2 (HIP2), Ks=6.884+-0.016(2MASS), (V-Ks) = 10.525 - 6.884 = 3.641. Hamuy94 spectrophotometric standard? Teffs: 3835K(Gaidos14), 3885K(Hinkel17), 3906K(Cloutier19), 3918K(Muirhead18,Stassun18), 3970K(Morales08), 4073K(GaiaDR2) => = 3912K. GaiaDR2: plx=50.9542+-0.0453mas, G=9.8350+-0.0006, E(BR/RP)=1.308, Bp-Rp=1.8771, Bp-G=0.9483, G-Rp=0.9288. G-V = 9.8350 - 10.525 = -0.690. Mv=9.06, M_Ks=5.42, M_G=8.37. # Exemplars GJ 496.1 = HD 113538 = LHS 344 = HIP 63833 K5/M0V: Houk78 dK7.1: Houdebine16 dK7.2: Houdebine19 *K9V: Evans61(Gliese91,Eggen71),Gray(K9V(k)) M0: Gaidos14 Bluest of the stars considered exemplars here, and perhaps noteworthy that Houdebine recently placed it near K7. V=9.053+-0.021(Mermilliod91), V=9.05(Cousins63), V=9.05(HIP), V=9.04(Bessell90,Corben72), V=9.11(Mermilliod86,Eggen), B-V=1.34(Mermilliod86,Eggen), B-V=1.36(Cousins63), B-V=1.362+-0.009(HIP), B-V=1.368+-0.022(Mermilliod91), B-V=1.40(Bessell90,Corben72), U-B=1.270+-0.080(Mermilliod91), U-B=1.280(Corben72), U-B=1.255(Mermilliod86,Eggen), V-Rc=0.842(Bessell90), R-Ic=0.783(Bessell90), V-Ic=1.625(Bessell90). Ks=5.637+-0.024(2MASS). V-Ks=3.416. plx=61.3899+-0.0523mas(GaiaDR2). GaiaDR2: G=8.4428+-0.0005, E(BR/RP)=1.292, Bp-Rp=1.7437, Bp-G=0.8612, G-Rp=0.8825. G-V = 8.4428 - 9.053 = -0.610. Mv=7.993+-0.021, M_Ks=4.577+-0.024, M_G=7.38. Teffs: 4000K(GaiaDR2#1), 4013+-124K(Stassun19), 4020+-100K(Houdebine16#1), 4040+-20K(Houdebine17#2), 4060+-15K(Houdebine19), 4075+-113K(Gaidos14), 4139K(GaiaDR2#2), 4462+-145K(Moutou15), 4685K(Moutou11), 4685+-155K(Santos13) => = 4070K. GJ 3138 = LHS 1346 = HIP 10037 = BD-17 400 = StKM 2-192 = LTT 1117 = 2MASS J02091086-1620229 K7V: Bidelman85(K7),Stephenson86 *K9V(k): Gray06 M0: Reid95,Gaidos14 3-planet system discovered via HARPS with periods of P=1.22, 5.97, 258.5 days (Astudillo-Defru2017), and it has a RV trend of 0.188+-0.014 m/s/yr. Astudillo-Defru17 reporst: V=10.98, Ks=7.246+-0.016, Mv=8.6+-0.13, M_K=4.87+-0.13, BC_K=2.62+-0.05, Lum=0.045+-0.007Lsun, M=0.681Msun, R=0.50+-0.03Rsun, Teff=3717+-49K, [Fe/H]=-0.30+-0.12. V=10.89(HIP), V=10.885(Hauck90), B-V=1.386+-0.012(HIP), V-Ic=1.64+-0.02(HIP), Ks=7.246+-0.016(2MASS). GaiaDR2: plx=35.0943+-0.0429mas, G=10.1924+-0.0006, E(BR/RP)=1.308, Bp-Rp=1.8685, Bp-G=0.9419, G-Rp=0.9265. G-V = -0.698, V-Ks = 10.89 - 7.246 = 3.644. M_Ks=4.97, Mv=8.61(Hauck90,GaiaDR2), M_G=7.92, G-V = 10.1924 - 10.885 = -0.693. Teffs: 3717+-49K(Astudillo-Defru17,Stassun18), 3840K(Morales08), 3899+-75K(Gaidos14), 3902K(Anders19), 3916K(Hinkel17), 3953+-122K(Stassun19), 3965+-68K(Muirhead18), 4000K(GaiaDR2), 4013+-114K(Bai19), 4057K(GaiaDR2#2) => = 3935K. GJ 88 = LHS 1357 = StKM 2-196 = LTT 1140 = 2MASS J02125096-1741123 K7V: Reid95 *K9Vk: Gray06 M0V: Bidelman85(M0),Stephenson86 M1: Gaidos14 V=11.09(Mermilliod91), V=11.10(HIP), B-V=1.455+-0.017(HIP), B-V=1.47(Mermilliod91), U-B=1.20(Mermilliod91), V-Ic=1.85+-0.02, Ks=7.342+-0.026(2MASS), V-Ks = 11.10 - 7.342 = 3.758. GaiaEDR3: plx=42.4640+-0.0183mas, G=10.368135+-0.002774 => Vizier corr => Gcor=10.368135+-0.002774. G-V=10.368 - 11.09 = -0.722. M_Ks=5.48, M_G=8.51, Mv=9.23. HIP 14589 = LP 831-72 = LDS 87 B = WDS J03084-2410B K7V: Stephenson86 *K9V(k): Gray06 M0: Gaidos14 "B" component, "A" (HIP 14593, V=10.12, K4V) is 25" away - separate HIP entry. GCVS mentions that the star is variable from Hp = 10.67 to 11.15 in Hipparcos, and Adelman01 reports Amplitude 0.48mag. V=10.86(HIP,TYC), V=10.91(Koen10), V=10.954(Rufener88,Hauck90), V=10.97(SPM4.0), B-V=1.413(Koen10), U-B=1.191(Koen10), V-Rc=0.874(Koen10), V-Ic=1.721(Koen10), Ks=7.363+-0.023(2MASS). GaiaDR2: plx=34.8989+-0.0399mas, G=10.2978+-0.0005, E(BR/RP)=1.304, Bp-Rp=1.8378, Bp-G=0.9219, G-Rp=0.9158. V-Ks = 10.86 - 7.363 = 3.497. Mv=8.57, M_Ks=5.08, M_G=8.01. G-V = 10.2978 - 10.86 = -0.562. # Others Stars GJ 79 = HD 11507 = CD-23 693 K5/M0V: Houk88 K7: Bidelman85,Reid95 K9V: Munch44,Gray06(K9Vk) *M0V: Adams35,Gaidos14(M0),Torres06 M0.2: Mann15 M1V: Adams35,Upgren72 M1.5V: Joy74 M2V: Vyssotsky43 LP 729-68 = 2MASS J10155007-1147475 K9Vk: Gray06 M0: Gaidos14 CD-27 10303 K7Ve: Torres06,Gaidos14(K7) *K9Vkee: Gray06 LP 745-70 = StKM 2-1251 K9Vkee: Gray06 M0V: Stephenson86,Gaidos14(M0) HIP 93072 = LP 811-17 = HDS 2687 K9V(k): Gray06 M0: Gaidos14 WDS: 1.9" binary with V=11.21, V=12.20(Salim03). Unresolved: V=10.67(HIP), V=10.637(Koen10), B-V=1.437+-0.004(HIP), B-V=1.450(Koen10), V-Ic=1.77+-0.01(HIP), V-Rc=0.905(Koen10), V-Ic=1.804(Koen10)