M9V Kirkpatrick(in GrayCorbally09) call LHS 2924 the primary M9V standard. Boeshaar85 standard: LHS 2924 - M9V HenryKirkpatrick90 standard: LHS 2924 - M9V Kirkpatrick91 standards: LHS 2924 - M9V (primary standard) LHS 2065 - M9V (secondary standard) Kirkpatrick97 standard: LHS 2065 - M9V Hawley02 standard: 2MASS J0251+2521 - M9V Henry02 standard: LHS 2065 - M9V [Henry02 has LP 944-020 as ">M9V" standard] Henry04 standard: LP 944-020 - M9.0V (primary standard) Kirkpatrick(GrayCorbally09): LHS 2924 - M9V (primary standard) Kirkpatrick10 standard: LHS 2924 - M9V (opt.,near-IR stan.) Kirkpatrick16 standard: LHS 2065 - M9V Skiff08 does not flag any stars as M9V MK standards. RECONS list shows LP 944-020 as the nearest M9V. ReinersBasri09 finds that the mean kinematic age of nearby M7-M9.5 stars is 3.1 Gyr. (V-Rc)(M9V) = 2.00 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Bessell91) (V-Rc)(M9V) = 2.34 ; non-standard TVLM 513-46546 (Rc-Ic)(M9V) = 2.472 ; N=5 M9V *s in Liebert06 (+-0.023 sem, +-0.052 stdev) => adopt (R-I)(M9V) = 2.472 => adopt (V-R)(M9V) = 1.893 (from R-I=2.472 and V-I=4.37) [go through Henry04 Table 2 to get independent estimate] (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.36 ; sec. standard LHS 2065 (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.37 ; pri. standard LHS 2924 (see below) (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.398 ; non-standard BRI 0021-0214 (see below) (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.66 ; from color sequence for V-Ks=9.06 (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.71 ; non-standard TVLM 513-46546 => adopt (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.66 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.285 ; non-stan. ESO 207-61 (Henry04) (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.836 ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.84 ; non-stan. SSS2356-3426 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.858 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.882 ; non-stan. LP 647-13 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 8.92 ; non-stan. 2MA1501+2250 (M9V) = 9.0 ; Beuermann06 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.00 ; non-stan. RG0050-2722 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.06 ; non-stan. BRI1222-1222 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.08 ; non-stan. LHS4039C (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.09 ; smoothed fit to Dieterich SpT vs V-Ks (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.12 ; non-stan. SSS2307-5009 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.15 ; sec. stan. LP944-20 (Burgasser14) (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.16 ; non-stan. TVLM 513-46546 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.271 ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214 (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.94 ; non-stan. SIP2045-6332 => adopt (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.00 [last updated 5/5/2017] => adopt (V-J)(M9V) = 7.702 [need to double check] => adopt (V-H)(M9V) = 8.389 [need to double check] => adopt (I-Ks)(M9V) = 4.482 [need to double check] => adopt (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.145 [need to double check] (J-H)(M9V) = 0.68 (+-0.15 rms) ; Schmidt14 (J-H)(M9V) = 0.723 (+-0.009 sem,+-0.024 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03 (J-H)(M9V) = 0.749 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives => adopt (J-H)(M9V) = 0.749 (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.481 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.478 ; trend of Dieterich14 data for V-Ks=9.00 (M9V) = 0.47 ; Beuermann06 (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.464(+-0.010 sem,+-0.029 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03 (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.43 (+-0.16 rms) ; Schmidt14 [EEM: mean much bluer than M9V standards] => adopt (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.48 [last updated 5/5/2017] (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.230 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.20 ; Faherty09 (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.191 (+-0.013 sem,+-0.034 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03 (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.12 (+-0.17 rms) ; Schmidt14 (M9V) = 1.12 ; Beuermann06 (i-z)(M9V) = 1.66 (+-0.14 rms) ; Schmidt14 (i-J)(M9V) = 3.79 (+-0.29 rms) ; Schmidt14 (i-Ks)(M9V) = 4.91 (+-0.35 rms) ; Schmidt14 (z-J)(M9V) = 2.14 (+-0.17 rms) ; Schmidt14 (Ks-L')(M9V) = 0.441 ; Dupuy12 polynomial (Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.25 (+-0.25 rms) ; Schmidt14 (W1-W2)(M9V) = 0.24 (+-0.27 rms) ; Schmidt14 (W2-W3)(M9V) = 0.42 (+-0.16 rms) ; Schmidt14 Mv(M9V) = 19.15 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Burgasser14) Mv(M9V) = 19.27 ; EEM fit for Mdwarfs for V-Ks=9.00 (rms=0.48) Mv(M9V) = 19.29 ; Kirkpatrick94 Mv(M9V) = 19.33 ; Dieterich14 calibration for V-Ks=9.00 (rms=0.25) Mv(M9V) = 19.36 ; non-stan LP 647-13 (Burgasser14) Mv(M9V) = 19.37 ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 Mv(M9V) = 19.42 ; median Mv from Dieterich14 (N=9 M9V stars) Mv(M9V) = 19.66 ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 (Burgasser14) => adopt Mv(M9V) = 19.36 mag [last updated 3/8/2018; M_Ks=10.36, V=9.00] M_Ks(M9V) = 10.24 ; Dupuy12 polynomial M_Ks(M9V) = 10.27 ; EEM fit to Dieterich14 for V-Ks=9.00 M_Ks(M9V) = 10.29 ; pri. stan. LHS 2065 (Burgasser14) M_Ks(M9V) = 10.33 ; Deiterich14 calibration for V-Ks=9.00 M_Ks(M9V) = 10.36 ; Mv=19.36, V-Ks=9.00 M_Ks(M9V) = 10.44 ; non-stan. 1RXS J1159-5247 (Bugasser14) M_Ks(M9V) = 10.51 ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 M_Ks(M9V) = 10.51 ; median M_Ks for Dieterich14 N=9 M9Vs M_Ks(M9V) = 10.52 ; non-stan LP 647-13 (Bugasser14) M_Ks(M9V) = 10.53 ; pri. stan. LHS2924 M_Ks(M9V) = 10.57 ; Dupuy12 mean M_Ks(M9V) = 10.80 ; non-stan LEHPM 1-3396 (Burgasser14) => adopt M_Ks(M9V) = 10.36 mag [last updated 3/8/2018; Mv=19.36, V=9.00] Teff(M9V) = 2578 K ; RojasAyala12(mean N=1 M9V stars) Teff(M9V) = 2480 K ; Dupuy17(Lyon model scale) Teff(M9V) = 2470 K ; Dupuy17(SaumonMarley08 scale) Teff(M9V) = 2450 K ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 (recent median) Teff(M9V) = 2438 K ; mean photometric Teff Teff(M9V) = 2420 K ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (recent median) Teff(M9V) = 2398 K ; median N=9 M9V Teffs from Dieterich14 *** Teff(M9V) = 2396 K ; Golimowski04 Teff(M9V) = 2281 K ; EEM N=25 Teffs Teff(M9V) = 2123 K ; non. stan. LP 944-20 (median Teff) => adopt Teff(M9V) = 2400 K (logT = 3.380) BCv(M9V) = -4.867 mag ; EEM fit to Casagrande data for Teff=2350K BCv(M9V) = -5.641 mag ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01 using IAU2015 scale) BCv(M9V) = -5.85 mag ; BC_Ks = 3.15, V-Ks=9.00 BCv(M9V) = -6.053 mag ; LP 944-20 (Leggett01 using IAU2015 scale) => adopt BCv(M9V) = -5.85 mag [last updated 3/8/2018; BC_Ks=3.15, V-Ks=9.00] BC_K(M9V) = 3.21+-0.07 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Golimowski04) BC_K(M9V) = 3.183 mag ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214 (Leggett01, IAU2015 scale) BC_K(M9V) = 3.158 mag ; Leggett01 polynomial for I-K=4.482 BC_K(M9V) = 3.157 mag ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01, IAU2015 scale) BC_K(M9V) = 3.151 mag ; trend for M0V-M9V for M9V BC_K(M9V) = 3.149 mag ; Golimowki04(SpT function) BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.12 mag ; Schmidt14 (rms = 0.04) BC_K(M9V) = 3.103 mag ; Leggett01 polynomial for J-K=1.145 BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.099 mag ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 (Leggett01 on IAU2015 scale) => adopt BC_K(M9V) = 3.15 mag [last updated 3/8/2018] logL(M9V) = -3.77 ; non-standard LP 944-20 (Leggett01) logL(M9V) = -3.542 ; median (N=9) logL for M9Vs from Dieterich14 logL(M9V) = -3.512 ; M_Ks=10.36, BC_K=3.16 => Mbol = 13.67 logL(M9V) = -3.49+-0.02 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Golimowski04) logL(M9V) = -3.49 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01) => adopt logL(M9V) = -3.51 dex [last updated 3/8/2018] => adopt Mbol(M9V) = 13.52 mag [last updated 3/8/2018] Mass(M9V) = 0.079+-0.020 Msun ; GJ 2005C (Benedict16) Mass(M9V) = 0.079 Msun ; Mann18 calib for M_Ks=10.36 => adopt Mass(M9V) = 0.079 Msun [last updated 8/1/2018] Radius(M9V) = 0.101 Rsun ; median (N=9) M9V radius from Dieterich14 # Primary Standard LHS 2924 = L 271-25 = GJ 3849 = NN 3849 (J1426+3324) *M9V: Boeshaar85(dM9),GiampapaLiebert86,HenryKirkpatrick90,Kirkpatrick91(pri),Kirkpatrick93,Boeshaar94(dM9),Hawley97(M9c),ReidGizis05(M9.0Ve),Kirkpatrick(GrayCorbally09)(pri),Kirkpatrick10 M7V: Bessell91 L0: Schmidt10 Kirkpatrick91 calls LHS 2924 the primary M9 dwarf standard, and cites GiampapaLiebert86 and Boeshaar85. Discussed at length in Probst & Liebert (1983, ApJ, 274, 245). plx=90.8+-1.3(Dahn02,Monet92), V=19.58(Leggett92,Monet02), V=19.58+-0.04(Dahn02), V=19.74(Bessell91,Gliese91,vanAltena95), I=15.3(Bessell91), V-I=4.44(Bessell91), V-I=4.37(Monet92,Leggett92,Kirkpatrick95), K_CIT=10.67(Leggett92), (V-Ks)_CIT=8.91(Leggett92), K-L'(MKO)=0.65(Leggett92), J=11.990+-0.021(2MASS), H=11.225+-0.029(2MASS0, K=10.744+-0.024(2MASS), (V-Ks)=8.836(Leggett92,2MASS), Mv=19.37+-0.03(Leggett92, Dahn02), M_Ks=10.534+-0.039(2MASS,Dahn02). LHS2924 is a JHK photometric standard for MKO system: J=11.885+-0.013(Leggett06), H=11.251+-0.010(Leggett06), K=10.721+-0.013(Leggett06). Mass=0.105+-0.042Msun(Jenkins09). Teffs: 1665K(Jenkins09), 1950+-150K(Probst83,Blackbody!), 2080K(Tinney93), 2100K(Jones97), 2120K(Tsuji97), 2200K(Casagrande08*), 2300K(ReidHawley05*), 2350K(Jones96), 2367K(Dahn02*), 2437K(Bessell93), 2450K(Basri00*), 2492K(Rojas-Ayala12*), 2550K(Lyubchik12*,average), 2600K(Pavlenko02*), 2625K(Kirkpatrick93). Recent average is ~2450K. # Secondary Standard LHS 2065 = GJ 3517 = 2MASS J08533619-0329321 *M9V: Kirpatrick91(pri),Kirkpatrick97(stan),Leggett01,Henry02,Henry04,ReidGizis05(M9.0Ve),Leggett10,Kirkpatrick11,Kirkpatrick16(stan) M7Ve: Bessel91 Not listed in Hawley97,Reid04. plx=117.3+-1.5 mas(Monet92,vanAltena95), V=18.80(Leggett92), V = 18.80+-0.03(Dahn02), V=18.74(Bessell91,Henry04), V=18.94(Dieterich14), Rc=16.74(Bessell91,Henry04), V-R=2.00(Bessell91), Ic=14.54(Bessell91,Henry04), V-I=4.36(Leggett92,Monet92,Leggett01,Kirkpatrick95), V-I=4.20(Bessell91), I=14.44(Leggett01), K_CIT=9.98(Leggett92), (V-Ks)_CIT=8.82(Leggett92), V-Ks = 8.80(Henry04), J=11.212+-0.026(2MASS), H=10.469+-0.026(Leggett92), Ks=9.942+-0.024(2MASS), (V-Ks)=8.858(Leggett92,2MASS), Mv=19.15+-0.04(Monet92,Dahn02), M_Ks=10.288+-0.037(Monet92,2MASS). BC_K = 3.18 (Leggett01). Leggett01: fbol = 1.45e-13 W/m^2 => mbol = 13.099 mag => BC_Ks = 13.099 - 9.942 = 3.157 => BCv = 13.099 - 18.74 = -5.641. Patten06 lists Spitzer IRAC photometry of [3.6] = 9.41+-0.02, [4.5]=9.39+-0.03, [5.8]=9.22+-0.01, [8.0] = 9.13+-0.01. Teffs: 2050K(Casagrande08), 2100K(Leggett01*), 2150K(Tinney93), 2250K(Irwin91), 2400K(Golimowski04*), 2420K(Gautier07*), 2441K(Dahn02*), 2453K(Bessell93), 2564K(RojasAyala12*) => recent median is Teff=2420K. LP 944-20 = BRI 0337-3535 *M9V: Tinney98,Kirkpatrick99(footnote#8),Kirkpatrick(unpub.,DwarfArchives),Leggett01,Geballe02,Henry04 M9.5V: Reid04 But this seems way too low for an M9V. Leggett01 lists M-m=1.51, I=14.16, I-J=3.48, J-H=0.70, H-K=0.45, K=9.53, K-L'=0.81 (JHKL' on UKIRT-IRCAM3 system, I is Cousins). V=19.2:(Ribas03), V=18.70+-0.026(Dieterich14), Rc=16.39+-0.007(Dieterich14), Ic=14.01+-0.011(Dieterich14), Ic=14.16+-0.03(Dahn02,Leggett01), J=10.725+-0.021(2MASS), J=10.700(Kirkpatrick97), H=10.017+-0.021(2MASS), H=10.030(Kirkpatrick97), K=9.52+-0.03(Dahn02), K=9.52(Kirkpatrick97), K=9.58(Tinney96), Ks=9.548+-0.023(2MASS), J-H=0.70+-0.04(Dahn02), H-K=0.50+-0.04(Dahn02). Plx=201.4+-4.2 mas (Tinney96, Dahn02), Plx=155.89+-1.03 mas (Dieterich14; d=6.41+-0.04 pc). Leggett01: fbol = 2.20e-13 W/m^2 => mbol = 12.647 (IAU2015 scale) => BC_Ks = 12.647 - 9.548 = 3.099 => BCv = 12.647 - 18.70 = -6.053. BC_Ks = 3.21+-0.07(Ribas03). V-Ks = 18.70 - 9.548 = 9.152. Ribas03 estimates logL=-3.79+-0.04, and predicts masses of 0.049-0.055 Msun (due to its young inferred age). Dieterich14 estimates logL=-3.579+-0.010 dex, radius 0.101+-0.006 Rsun. Dieterich14 photometry and parallax consistent with Mv=19.664+-0.030, M_J=11.689+-0.025, M_Ks=10.512+-0.027. Teffs: 1764K(Jenkins09), 2100+-100K(Leggett01), 2123K(Gautier07), 2138+-68K(Dahn02), 2312+-71K(Dieterich14), 2400K(Basri00) => median Teff = 2123K # Tertiary Standard LP 647-13 = 2MASS J01095117-0343264 = NLTT 3868 M9V: Cruz02(M9e),Cruz03,Reid03,Lodieu05,Cruz07,Schmidt07,Reiners09,Faherty09 Not considered a standard star in any publications, but all published types appear to be in agreement on M9V. plx = 97.55+-2.04mas(Weinberger16). Vmag = 19.31 (Winters15), Vmag=18.65(Salim03). J=11.694+-0.021, H=10.931+-0.026, Ks=10.428+-0.025(2MASS). V-Ks = 19.31 - 10.428 = 8.882. # Other Stars BRI 0021-0214 = DY Psc = 2MASS J00242463-0158201 *M9.0V: Henry04 M9.5: Leggett01,Geballe02,Lodieu05,Dieterich14 V=19.42(Reid04), V=19.81+-0.031(Dieterich14), Rc=17.47+-0.015(Dieterich14), Rc=17.301+-0.006(Liebert06), Ic=15.15+-0.012(Dieterich15), Ic=15.022+-0.003(Liebert06), I=15.07(vanAltena95). J=11.992+-0.035(2MASS), H=11.084+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=10.539+-0.023(2MASS). Henry04 didn't list a Vmag, but Rc=17.42, Ic=15.16 from Dahn02. Adopting Vmag from Reid04 and Ic from Liebert06, V-Ic = 4.398. Adopting Vmag from Dieterich14 and Ks from 2MASS: V-Ks = 9.271. Leggett06 reports MKO JHK photometry (it is a standard). Note that the colors are almost identical to the M9V standards. plx = 82.5+-3.4 mas (VanAltena95), 80.71+-0.95mas(Weinberger16). Mv=19.345+-0.040(Dieterich14,Weinberger16), M_Ks=10.074+-0.034(2MASS,Weinberger16), Teff=2284K(Gautier07). Leggett01: fbol = 8.17e-14 W/m2 => mbol = 13.722 (IAU2015 scale) => BC_Ks = 13.722 - 10.539 = 3.183, BCv = 13.722 - 19.81 = -6.088. BRI 1222-1222 M9V: Kirkpatrick95,Kirkpatrick97 Teff=2496+-100K(Dahn02) TVLM 868-110639 *M9V: Kirkpatrick95,Kirkpatrick97,Henry04 Ic=15.79(Tinney93, Tinney95,vanAltena95,Henry04), I=15.8(Martin94), Y=13.494+-0.002(UKIDSS, Lawrence12), J=12.614+-0.023(2MASS), H=11.842+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=11.347+-0.021(2MASS). Teff=1975K(Tinney93), 2451+-112K(Dahn02). TVLM 513-46546 *M9.0V: Henry04 V=19.87(Henry04), Rc=17.53(Henry04), Ic=15.16(Henry04), J=11.866+-0.022(2MASS), H=11.181+-0.030(2MASS), Ks=10.706+-0.024(2MASS). V-Rc = 19.87 - 17.53 = 2.34. V-Ic = 19.87 - 15.16 = 4.71. V-Ks = 19.87 - 10.706 = 9.16. plx = 94.5+-0.6 mas (Henry04) => Mv = 19.747, M_Ks=10.583+-0.028(2MASS,Henry04). Teff=2404K(Gautier07) 2M 0140+27 = 2MASS J01400263+2701505 = LSPM J0140+2701 = binary ALP 5 (sep=31.8") M8.5: Allen07 M9: Rice10 M9.5V: Reid02(in Glebocki05) J=12.487+-0.021(2MASS), J=12.51+-0.02(Allen07,IRTF), H=11.820+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=11.432+-0.021(2MASS), Ks=11.44+-0.02(Allen07,IRTF). Dist=17.3 pc(Allen07), 19.4+-3.5 pc (Lepin05). Teff=2753K(Rice10) ESO 207-61 (J070753.3-490050) *M9V: Henry04 M8.5V: Kirkpatrick11,Lodieu05(M8.5e) Henry04 lists V=20.39, Rc=18.63, Ic=16.23. V=20.39 (vanAltena95,Henry04), V=20.99(Jenkins09, source unknown = they say "Hipparcos", which is nonsense). J=13.228+-0.026(2MASS), H=12.538+-0.030(2MASS), Ks=12.105+-0.024(2MASS). plx = 54.10+-4.50 (Dupuy12,Tinney96). Adopting V=20.39 and 2MASS K: V-K=8.285. Mv = 19.06 (Jenkins09,Tinney96), M_Ks=10.771+-0.182(Tinney96,2MASS). 2MASS J14112131-2119503 = DENIS J141121.2-211950 *M9V: Cruz03,Kendall04,Cruz07,Schmidt07,Reiners09,Gagne14(optical),Burgasser15 M8: Gagne14(near-IR) M8.5\beta: Gagne15 No published V magnitude. Teffs: 2600+-200K(Gagne15) # Comments The only M9V stars in the dwarf archive (http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/davy/ARCHIVE/index.shtml) as of July 2013 are: 2MASS J03393521-3525440 = LP 944-20 2MASS J08533619-0329321 = LHS 2065 (sec. standard, see above; Kirkpatrick91) 2MASS J12245222-1238352 = BRI 1222-1222 (Kirkpatrick95) 2MASS J14284323+3310391 = LHS 2924 (pri. standard, see above; Henry90) 2MASS J15101685-0241078 = TVLM 868-110639 (Kirkpatrick95) # V-K vs. Mv V-Ks Mv M_Ks 8.285 19.06 10.771+-0.182 ; non-standard ESO 207-61 (Henry04) 8.836 19.37 10.534+-0.039 ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 8.84 ; non-stan. SSS2356-3426 8.858 19.15 10.288+-0.037 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Dieterich14 has 9.00) 8.92 ; non-stan. 2MA1501+2250 9.00 ; non-stan. RG0050-2722 9.06 ; non-stan. BRI1222-1222 9.08 ; non-stan. LHS4039C 9.12 ; non-stan. SSS2307-5009 9.16 19.75 10.583+-0.028 ; non-stan. TVLM 513-46546 9.152 19.66 10.512+-0.027 ; sec. stan. LP944-20 (Burgasser14) 9.271 19.35 10.074+-0.034 ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214 9.94 ; non-stan. SIP2045-6332 adopt V-Ks=9.00