M9V

Kirkpatrick(in GrayCorbally09) call LHS 2924 the primary M9V standard.
The early samples of M9Vs in Kirkpatrick95 include LHS 2065, BRI
1222-1222, LHS 2924, TVLM 868-110639.

Boeshaar85 standard:         LHS 2924 - M9V 
HenryKirkpatrick90 standard: LHS 2924 - M9V 
Kirkpatrick91 standards:     LHS 2924 - M9V (primary standard)
		             LHS 2065 - M9V (secondary standard)
Kirkpatrick97 standard:      LHS 2065 - M9V
Kirkpatrick99 standard:      2MASSW J1239+2029 - M9V
Hawley02 standard:           2MASS J0251+2521 - M9V
Henry02 standard:	     LHS 2065 - M9V
			     [Henry02 has LP 944-020 as ">M9V" standard] 
Henry04 standard:            LP 944-020 - M9.0V (primary standard)
Kirkpatrick(GrayCorbally09): LHS 2924 - M9V (primary standard)
Kirkpatrick10 standard:      LHS 2924 - M9V (opt.,near-IR stan.)
Kirkpatrick16 standard:	     LHS 2065 - M9V 

Skiff08 does not flag any stars as M9V MK standards. 

RECONS list shows LP 944-020 as the nearest M9V. 

ReinersBasri09 finds that the mean kinematic age of nearby M7-M9.5
stars is 3.1 Gyr.

(V-Rc)(M9V)    = 2.00  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Bessell91)

(Rc-Ic)(M9V)   = 2.472 ; N=5 M9V *s in Liebert06 (+-0.023 sem, +-0.052 stdev) 
=> adopt (R-I)(M9V)  = 2.472
=> adopt (V-R)(M9V)  = 1.893 (from R-I=2.472 and V-I=4.37)
[go through Henry04 Table 2 to get independent estimate]

(V-Ic)(M9V)    =  4.07  ; SSS2307-5009 (Dieterich14)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.37  ; pri. standard LHS 2924 (see below)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.398 ; exemplar BRI 0021-0214 (see below)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.48  ; sec. standard LHS 2065 (Dieterich14)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    =  4.61  ; 2MA1501+2250 (Dieterich14)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.625 ; from color sequence for V-Ks=9.00
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.66  ; trend Dieterich14 SpT vs V-Ic
(V-Ic)(M9V)    = 4.69  ; sec. stan. LP 944-20  
(V-Ic)(M9V)    =  4.81  ; BRI1222-1222 (Dieterich14)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    =  4.92  ; SSS2356-3426 (Dieterich14)
(V-Ic)(M9V)    =  5.18  ; SIP2045-6332 (Dieterich14)
=> adopt (V-Ic)(M9V) = 4.66 [updated 7/4/2020]

(B-V)(M9V)     = 2.17 ; linear fit to Leggett92 (B-V=0.8367+0.2852*V-I, V-I=4.66)
=> adopt (B-V)(M9V) = 2.17 [updated 7/5/2020]

(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  8.285 ; non-stan. ESO 207-61 (Henry04)
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  8.84  ; non-stan.  SSS2356-3426 
(V-Ks)(M9V)    = 8.858  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  8.882 ; non-stan. LP 647-13
(V-Ks)(M9V)    = 8.896  ; pri. stan. LHS 2924
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  8.92  ; non-stan. 2MA1501+2250 
<V-K_CIT>(M9V) =   9.0  ; Beuermann06
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.00  ; non-stan. RG0050-2722
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.06  ; non-stan. BRI1222-1222
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.07  ; trend fit to Dahn17 for M9V
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.08  ; non-stan. LHS4039C 
(V-Ks)(M9V)    = 9.09   ; smoothed fit to Dieterich SpT vs V-Ks
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.12  ; non-stan. SSS2307-5009 
(V-Ks)(M9V)    = 9.15   ; sec. stan. LP944-20 (Burgasser14)
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.271 ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214
(V-Ks)(M9V)    =  9.94  ; non-stan. SIP2045-6332
=> adopt (V-Ks)(M9V) = 9.00  [updated 10/20/2019]
=> adopt (V-J)(M9V)  = 7.702 [need to double check] 
=> adopt (V-H)(M9V)  = 8.389 [need to double check] 
=> adopt (I-Ks)(M9V) = 4.482 [need to double check] 
=> adopt (J-Ks)(M9V) = 1.145 [need to double check]

(G-Ks)(M9V) =  5.760 ; exemplar BRI 1222-1222
(G-Ks)(M9V) = 5.886  ; pri. stan. LHS 2924
(G-Ks)(M9V) =  5.891 ; exemplar  TVLM 868-110639 
(G-Ks)(M9V) = 5.917  ; sec. stan. LP 944-20
(G-Ks)(M9V) =  5.924 ; exemplar LP 647-13 
(G-Ks)(M9V) = 5.967  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065
=> adopt (G-Ks)(M9V) = 5.90 [updated 12/26/2020]

(J-H)(M9V)  =  0.68 (+-0.15 rms) ; Schmidt14
(J-H)(M8.5V)=  0.69 ; adopted
(J-H)(M9V)  =  0.70 (+-0.08 rms) ; West08
(J-H)(M9V)  = 0.705 ; trend SIMBAD d<30pc M9Vs
(J-H)(M9V)  = 0.723 (+-0.009 sem,+-0.024 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03
(J-H)(M9V)  = 0.749 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives
(J-H)(M9.5V)=  0.75 ; adopted
=> adopt (J-H)(M9V) = 0.72 [updated 8/6/2020]

(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.481 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives
(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.478 ; trend of Dieterich14 data for V-Ks=9.00
<H-K_CIT>(M9V) = 0.47  ; Beuermann06
(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.470(+-0.08 rms) ; trend SIMBAD d<30pc M9-L dwarfs
(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.464(+-0.010 sem,+-0.029 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03
(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.43 (+-0.16 rms) ; Schmidt14 [EEM: mean much bluer than M9V standards]
(H-Ks)(M9V)    = 0.42 (+-0.06 rms) ; West08
=> adopt (H-Ks)(M9V) = 0.47 [last updated 8/6/2020]

(J-Ks)(M9V)    = 1.230 ; EEM: 2MASS colors of 5 M9Vs in DwarfArchives
(J-Ks)(M9V)    = 1.20  ; Faherty09
(J-Ks)(M9V)    = 1.191 (+-0.013 sem,+-0.034 stdev) ; N=9 M9V Cruz03
(J-Ks)(M9V)    = 1.12 (+-0.17 rms) ; Schmidt14
<J-K_CIT>(M9V) = 1.12 ; Beuermann06

(r-i)(M9V)   = 2.81 (+-0.21 rms) ; West08

(i-z)(M9V)   = 1.76 (+-0.08 rms) ; West08
(i-z)(M9V)   = 1.66 (+-0.14 rms) ; Schmidt14

(i-J)(M9V)   = 3.79 (+-0.29 rms) ; Schmidt14

(i-Ks)(M9V)  = 4.91 (+-0.35 rms) ; Schmidt14

(z-J)(M9V)   = 2.25 (+-0.09 rms) ; West08 
(z-J)(M9V)   = 2.14 (+-0.17 rms) ; Schmidt14

(Ks-L')(M9V) = 0.441  	         ; Dupuy12 polynomial

(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.25 (+-0.25 rms) ; Schmidt14
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.313 ; pri. stan. LHS2924/WISE
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.316 ; pri. stan. LHS2924/allWISE
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.318 ; sec. stan. LHS2065/allWISE
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.323 ; Dupuy12 trend 
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.327 ; sec. stan. LHS2065/WISE
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.339 ; fit to Winters15 data for V-Ks=9.0
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.342 ; Dupuy12 median (N=6, d<60pc)
(Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.363 ; Avenhaus12 for V-Ks=9.0
=> adopt (Ks-W1)(M9V) = 0.33 [updated 12/28/2019]


(W1-W2)(M9V) = 0.24 (+-0.27 rms) ; Schmidt14
(W2-W3)(M9V) = 0.42 (+-0.16 rms) ; Schmidt14

(Bp-Rp)(M9V) =  4.48  ; Kiman19 
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 4.7495 ; LHS_2065  sec. stan.
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 4.7679 ; LHS_2924  pri. stan.
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 4.7890 ; LP_647-13 ter. stan.
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 5.0466 ; LP_944-20 sec. stan.
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 5.0596 ;  2MASS_J03341218-4953322  M9V
(Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 5.1039 ;  2MASS_J11592743-5247188  M9Ve
=> adopt (Bp-Rp)(M9V) = 4.78 [updated 11/18/2020]

(G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.5754 ; LHS_2065  sec. stan.
(G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.5817 ; LP_647-13 ter. stan.
(G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.5922 ; LP_944-20 sec. stan. 
(G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.5932 ; LHS_2924  pri. stan.
(G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.595  ; M6.5-L2 color trend 
(G-Rp)(M9V) =  1.6012 ; 2MASS_J03341218-4953322  M9V
(G-Rp)(M9V) =  1.6090 ; 2MASS_J11592743-5247188  M9Ve
(G-Rp)(M9V) =  1.619  ; Reyle18 polynomial
(G-Rp)(M9V) =   1.63  ; Kiman19 
=> adopt (G-Rp)(M9V) = 1.595 [updated 11/18/2020]
=> adopt (Bp-G)(M9V) = 3.185 [updated 11/18/2020; Bp-Rp=4.78, G-Rp=1.59]

(Bp-G)(M9V) = 3.1741 ; LHS_2065 
(Bp-G)(M9V) = 3.1747 ; LHS_2924 
(Bp-G)(M9V) = 3.2072 ; LP_647-13 
(Bp-G)(M9V) = 3.4544 ; LP_944-20

(G-V)(M9V) = -3.2346 ; sec. stan. LP_944-20
(G-V)(M9V) =  -3.07   ; trinomial fit through late Ms
(G-V)(M9V) = -3.0313 ; sec. stan. LHS_2065
(G-V)(M9V) =  -2.971  ; median M9V d<60pc (N=9) in SIMBAD (likely biased blue?)
(G-V)(M9V) = -2.9585 ; ter. stan. LP_647-13  
(G-V)(M9V) = -2.9501 ; pri. stan. LHS_2924
=> adopt (G-V)(M9V) = -3.00 [updated 12/26/2020]

M_G(M9V)    =  15.26  ; Kiman19 
M_G(M9V)    =  15.543 ; Reyle18 polynomial
M_G(M9V)    =  15.58  ; SSSPM J1444-2019 (sdM9)
M_G(M9V)    =  15.80  ; trend for late Ms & early Ls within 20pc
M_G(M9V)    = 15.93   ; exemplar BRI 1222-1222
M_G(M9V)    = 15.96   ; exemplar TVLM 868-110639
M_G(M9V)    =  16.09  ; Smart19 (N=17; rms=0.36)
M_G(M9V)    =  16.12  ; LEHPM 3396 (DENIS J033411.3-495333)
M_G(M9V)    = 16.13   ; median among nearest 10 M9Vs in SIMBAD
M_G(M9V)    =  16.15  ; 2MASS J11592743-5247188 (1RXS_J115928.5-524717)
M_G(M9V)    = 16.20   ; trend SIMBAD d<10pc sample
M_G(M9V)    = 16.22   ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 = LP 666-9
M_G(M9V)    = 16.23   ; exemplar LP 647-13
M_G(M9V)    =  16.32  ; 2MASS J16154245+0546400
M_G(M9V)    = 16.43   ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 
M_G(M9V)    = 16.43   ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 = LP 271-25
M_G(M9V)    =  16.59  ; ** BUG 5A
=> adopt M_G(M9V) = 16.2 [updated 7/6/2020]

[EEM 12/26/2020: trend for standards & exemplars:
M_G = 4.8745 + 1.09861*M_K => G-Ks = 4.8745 + 0.0986*M_K

M_J(M9V)    = 11.124 ; Reyle18 polynomial
M_H(M9V)    = 10.413 ; Reyle18 polynomial
M_Ks(M9V)   =  9.949 ; Reyle18 polynomial

(G-J)(M9V)  =  4.575 ; Reyle18 polynomial
(J-Ks)(M9V) =  1.133 ; Reyle18 polynomial

Mv(M9V) = 19.15  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Burgasser14)
Mv(M9V) = 19.19  ; exemplar LP 647-13 
Mv(M9V) =  19.27  ; EEM fit for Mdwarfs for V-Ks=9.00 (rms=0.48)
Mv(M9V) =  19.29 ; Kirkpatrick94
Mv(M9V) =  19.33  ; Dieterich14 calibration for V-Ks=9.00 (rms=0.25)
Mv(M9V) = 19.37  ; pri. stan. LHS 2924
Mv(M9V) =  19.42  ; median Mv from Dieterich14 (N=9 M9V stars)
Mv(M9V) = 19.66  ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 (Burgasser14)
=> adopt Mv(M9V) = 19.4 mag [last updated 10/18/2019; M_Ks=10.40, V=9.00]

M_Ks(M9V) =   10.05  ; V* DY Psc
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.07   ; exemplar TVLM 868-110639
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.17   ; exemplar BRI 1222-1222
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.24   ; Dupuy12 polynomial
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.25  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 
M_Ks(M9V) =   10.27 ; EEM fit to Dieterich14 for V-Ks=9.00
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.30 ; exemplar LP 647-13
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.33 ; Deiterich14 calibration for V-Ks=9.00
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.38 ; median SIMBAD <60pc M9V N=4
M_Ks(M9V) = 10.40  ; M_G=16.28, Mv=19.28
M_Ks(M9V) =   10.44 ; 1RXS J115928.5-524717 (single classification)
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.51  ; sec. stan. LP 944-20
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.51  ; median M_Ks for Dieterich14 N=9 M9Vs
M_Ks(M9V) =  10.54  ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 = LP 271-25
M_Ks(M9V) =   10.57 ; Dupuy12 mean
M_Ks(M9V) =   10.65 ; LEHPM 3396 (single M9 classification)                 
M_Ks(M9V) =   10.86 ; SSSPM J1444-2019 (sdM9) [note brightest M9 in G, dimmest in K!]
=> adopt M_Ks(M9V) = 10.40 mag [updated 12/26/2020; Mv=19.40, V-Ks=9.00]

[EEM 12/26/2020: adopting M_Ks=10.4 =>trend=> M_G=16.28 => G-Ks=5.88, for G-V=-3.0 => Mv=19.28]

Teff(M9V)  =   2578 K ; RojasAyala12(mean N=1 M9V stars)
Teff(M9V)  =  2480 K ; Dupuy17(Lyon model scale)
Teff(M9V)  =  2470 K ; Dupuy17(SaumonMarley08 scale)
Teff(M9V)  = 2450 K ; pri. stan. LHS 2924 (recent median)
Teff(M9V)  =   2438 K ; mean photometric Teff
Teff(M9V)  = 2420 K ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (recent median)
Teff(M9V)  = 2400 K ; Rajpurohit18 N=1 M9V stars
Teff(M9V)  = 2398 K ; median N=9 M9V Teffs from Dieterich14 ***
Teff(M9V)  =   2396 K ; Golimowski04
Teff(M9V)  = 2395 K ; Filippazzo15 calibration (M6V-T9V)
Teff(M9V)  = 2380 K ; empirical L-R relation, for logL=-3.520
Teff(M9V)  = 2300 K ; Cifuentes20 <Teff> for CARMENES M9V(N=7)
Teff(M9V)  = 2281 K ; EEM N=25 Teffs
Teff(M9V)  =  2123 K ; non. stan. LP 944-20 (median Teff)
=> adopt Teff(M9V) = 2380 K (logT = 3.377) [updated 11/3/2019]

BCv(M9V) = -4.867 mag ; EEM fit to Casagrande data for Teff=2350K
BCv(M9V) = -5.641 mag ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01 using IAU2015 scale)
BCv(M9V) = -5.86  mag ; BC_Ks = 3.14, V-Ks=9.00
BCv(M9V) = -6.053 mag ; LP 944-20 (Leggett01 using IAU2015 scale)
=> adopt BCv(M9V) = -5.86 mag [updated 11/3/2019; BC_Ks=3.14, V-Ks=9.00]

BC_K(M9V) =  3.21+-0.07 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Golimowski04)
BC_K(M9V) =  3.183 mag  ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214 (Leggett01, IAU2015 scale)
BC_K(M9V) = 3.158 mag  ; Leggett01 polynomial for I-K=4.482
BC_K(M9V) = 3.157 mag  ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01, IAU2015 scale)
BC_K(M9V) =  3.149 mag  ; Golimowki04(SpT function)
BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.14  mag  ; interp M6V-L1V for V-Ks=9.00
BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.12  mag  ; Schmidt14 (rms = 0.04)
BC_K(M9V) = 3.103 mag  ; Leggett01 polynomial for J-K=1.145
BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.099 mag  ; Filipazzo15 (field)
BC_Ks(M9V)= 3.099 mag  ; sec. stan. LP 944-20 (Leggett01 on IAU2015 scale)
=> adopt BC_K(M9V) = 3.14 mag [updated 11/3/2019]

logL(M9V) =  -3.77 ; non-standard LP 944-20 (Leggett01)
logL(M9V) = -3.542 ; median (N=9) logL for M9Vs from Dieterich14
logL(M9V) = -3.520 ; M_Ks=10.40, BC_K=3.14 => Mbol = 13.540
logL(M9V) =  -3.49+-0.02 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Golimowski04)
logL(M9V) =  -3.49 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Leggett01)
=> adopt logL(M9V) = -3.520 dex [updated 4/17/2020]
=> adopt Mbol(M9V) = 13.540 mag [updated 4/17/2020]

Mass(M9V) = 0.079+-0.020 Msun ; GJ 2005C (Benedict16)
Mass(M9V) = 0.0787 Msun ; Mann18 calib for M_Ks=10.40
=> adopt Mass(M9V) = 0.079 Msun [updated 11/3/2019]

Rad(M9V) = 0.1001 Rsun ; median (N=9) M9V radius from Dieterich14
Rad(M9V) = 0.1022 Rsun ; logL=-3.520, Teff=2380
=> adopt Rad(M9V) = 0.102 Rsun [updated 11/3/2019]

# Primary Standard

LHS 2924 = LP 271-25 = GJ 3849 = NN 3849 = 2MASS J14284323+3310391
 *M9V: Boeshaar85(dM9),GiampapaLiebert86,HenryKirkpatrick90,Kirkpatrick91(pri),Kirkpatrick93,Boeshaar94(dM9),Hawley97(M9c),ReidGizis05(M9.0Ve),Kirkpatrick(GrayCorbally09)(pri),Kirkpatrick10,Leggett10(M9+-0.5)
  M7V: Bessell91
  L0: Schmidt10

  Kirkpatrick91 calls LHS 2924 the primary M9 dwarf standard, and
  cites GiampapaLiebert86 and Boeshaar85. Discussed at length in
  Probst & Liebert (1983, ApJ, 274, 245).  Dahn17 presents latest
  greatest VI photometry: V=19.64+-0.05, Ic=15.21+-0.03.
  plx=90.8+-1.3(Dahn02,Monet92), plx=90.9962+-0.1271mas(gaiaDR2),
  G=16.6299+-0.0006(GaiaDR2), V=19.53(Lepine05),
  V=19.58(Leggett92,Monet02), V=19.58+-0.04(Dahn02),
  V=19.74(Bessell91,Gliese91,vanAltena95,Winters19),
  I=15.3(Bessell91), V-I=4.44(Bessell91),
  V-I=4.37(Monet92,Leggett92,Kirkpatrick95), K_CIT=10.67(Leggett92),
  (V-Ks)_CIT=8.91(Leggett92), K-L'(MKO)=0.65(Leggett92),
  J=11.990+-0.021(2MASS), H=11.225+-0.029(2MASS0,
  Ks=10.744+-0.024(2MASS), WISE: W1=10.431+-0.023, W2=10.168+-0.020,
  W3=9.677+-0.030.  allWISE: W1=10.428+-0.022, W2=10.162+-0.020,
  W3=9.646+-0.036.  Ks-W1=0.313(WISE), Ks-W1=0.316(allWISE).
  (V-Ic)=4.43, (V-Ks) = 19.64 - 10.744 = 8.896(Dahn17,2MASS).
  Mv=19.37+-0.03(Leggett92, Dahn02), M_G=16.425+-0.003(GaiaDR2),
  M_Ks=10.534+-0.039(2MASS,Dahn02). LHS2924 is a JHK photometric
  standard for MKO system: J=11.885+-0.013(Leggett06),
  H=11.251+-0.010(Leggett06),
  K=10.721+-0.013(Leggett06). Mass=0.105+-0.042Msun(Jenkins09).
  Teffs: 1665K(Jenkins09), 1950+-150K(Probst83,Blackbody!),
  2080K(Tinney93), 2100K(Jones97), 2120K(Tsuji97),
  2200K(Casagrande08*), 2300K(ReidHawley05*), 2350K(Jones96),
  2367K(Dahn02*), 2437K(Bessell93), 2450K(Basri00*),
  2492K(Rojas-Ayala12*), 2550K(Lyubchik12*,average),
  2600K(Pavlenko02*), 2625K(Kirkpatrick93). Recent average is ~2450K.
  (G-Ks)=5.886, M_G=16.425, M_Ks=10.539. 
  
# Secondary Standard

LHS 2065 = GJ 3517 = LP 666-9 = 2MASS J08533619-0329321 = NLTT 20475
 *M9V: Kirpatrick91(pri),Kirkpatrick97(stan),Leggett01,Henry02,Henry04,ReidGizis05(M9.0Ve),Leggett10,Kirkpatrick11,Kirkpatrick16(stan)
  M7Ve: Bessel91

  Not listed in Hawley97,Reid04. plx=115.3036+-0.1132mas(GaiaDR2),
  plx=117.3+-1.5 mas(Monet92,vanAltena95), G=15.9087+-0.0012(GaiaDR2),
  V=18.80(Leggett92), V = 18.80+-0.03(Dahn02),
  V=18.74(Bessell91,Henry04), V=18.94(Dieterich14),
  Rc=16.74(Bessell91,Henry04), V-R=2.00(Bessell91),
  Ic=14.54(Bessell91,Henry04),
  V-I=4.36(Leggett92,Monet92,Leggett01,Kirkpatrick95),
  V-I=4.20(Bessell91), I=14.44(Leggett01), K_CIT=9.98(Leggett92),
  (V-Ks)_CIT=8.82(Leggett92), V-Ks = 8.80(Henry04),
  J=11.212+-0.026(2MASS), H=10.469+-0.026(Leggett92),
  Ks=9.942+-0.024(2MASS).  WISE: W1=9.615+-0.024, W2=9.382+-0.020,
  W3=8.928+-0.026.  AllWISE: W1=9.624+-0.023, W2=9.381+-0.020,
  W3=8.967+-0.028.  (Ks-W1)=0.327(WISE), (Ks-W1)=0.318(allWISE).
  (V-Ks)=8.858(Leggett92,2MASS), M_G=16.22(GaiaDR2),
  Mv=19.15+-0.04(Monet92,Dahn02), M_Ks=10.288+-0.037(Monet92,2MASS).
  BC_K = 3.18 (Leggett01). Leggett01: fbol = 1.45e-13 W/m^2 => mbol =
  13.099 mag => BC_Ks = 13.099 - 9.942 = 3.157 => BCv = 13.099 - 18.74
  = -5.641.  Patten06 lists Spitzer IRAC photometry of [3.6] =
  9.41+-0.02, [4.5]=9.39+-0.03, [5.8]=9.22+-0.01, [8.0] = 9.13+-0.01.
  Teffs: 2050K(Casagrande08), 2100K(Leggett01*), 2150K(Tinney93),
  2250K(Irwin91), 2400K(Golimowski04*), 2420K(Gautier07*),
  2441K(Dahn02*), 2453K(Bessell93), 2564K(RojasAyala12*) => recent
  median is Teff=2420K. (G-Ks)=5.967, M_G=16.218, M_Ks=10.251. 

LP 944-20 = BRI 0337-3535
 *M9V: Tinney98,Kirkpatrick99(footnote#8),Kirkpatrick(unpub.,DwarfArchives),Leggett01,Geballe02,Henry04
  M9.5V: Reid04

  155.7590+-0.0991mas(GaiaDR2), G=15.4654+-0.0009(GaiaDR2) => M_G =
  16.428+-0.002.  Leggett01 lists M-m=1.51, I=14.16, I-J=3.48,
  J-H=0.70, H-K=0.45, K=9.53, K-L'=0.81 (JHKL' on UKIRT-IRCAM3 system,
  I is Cousins).  V=19.2:(Ribas03), V=18.70+-0.026(Dieterich14),
  Rc=16.39+-0.007(Dieterich14), Ic=14.01+-0.011(Dieterich14),
  V-Ic=4.69(Dieterich14), Ic=14.16+-0.03(Dahn02,Leggett01),
  J=10.725+-0.021(2MASS), J=10.700(Kirkpatrick97),
  H=10.017+-0.021(2MASS), H=10.030(Kirkpatrick97),
  K=9.52+-0.03(Dahn02), K=9.52(Kirkpatrick97), K=9.58(Tinney96),
  Ks=9.548+-0.023(2MASS), J-H=0.70+-0.04(Dahn02),
  H-K=0.50+-0.04(Dahn02).  Plx=201.4+-4.2 mas (Tinney96, Dahn02),
  Plx=155.89+-1.03 mas (Dieterich14; d=6.41+-0.04 pc). Leggett01: fbol
  = 2.20e-13 W/m^2 => mbol = 12.647 (IAU2015 scale) => BC_Ks = 12.647
  - 9.548 = 3.099 => BCv = 12.647 - 18.70 = -6.053. BC_Ks =
  3.21+-0.07(Ribas03). V-Ks = 18.70 - 9.548 = 9.152.  Ribas03
  estimates logL=-3.79+-0.04, and predicts masses of 0.049-0.055 Msun
  (due to its young inferred age). Dieterich14 estimates
  logL=-3.579+-0.010 dex, radius 0.101+-0.006 Rsun. Dieterich14
  photometry and parallax consistent with Mv=19.664+-0.030,
  M_J=11.689+-0.025, M_Ks=10.512+-0.027.  Teffs: 1764K(Jenkins09),
  2100+-100K(Leggett01), 2123K(Gautier07), 2138+-68K(Dahn02),
  2312+-71K(Dieterich14), 2400K(Basri00) => median Teff = 2123K.
  (G-Ks)=5.917, M_G=16.427, M_Ks=10.510. 

# Exemplars

LP 647-13 = 2MASS J01095117-0343264 = NLTT 3868
  M9V: Cruz02(M9e),Cruz03,Reid03,Lodieu05,Cruz07,Schmidt07,Reiners09,Faherty09

  Not considered a standard star in any publications, but all
  published types appear to be in agreement on M9V. Its G-Ks colors
  are similar to the 3 standards, and is M_Ks and M_G values are right
  in the middle of the distribution of the M9V standards & exemplars.
  plx = 97.55+-2.04mas(Weinberger16), plx=94.3979+-0.3180mas(GaiaDR2),
  G=16.3515+-0.0019(GaiaDR2), Vmag = 19.31(Winters15),
  Vmag=18.65(Salim03). J=11.694+-0.021, H=10.931+-0.026,
  Ks=10.428+-0.025(2MASS). V-Ks = 19.31 - 10.428 = 8.882.  M_G =
  16.23(GaiaDR2), Mv = 19.19(Winters15,GaiaDR2).  (G-Ks)=5.924,
  M_G=16.227, M_Ks=10.303.

TVLM 868-110639 = 2MASS J15101685-0241078
  M7.5e: Martin94
  M8Ve: Geballe02
 *M9V: Kirkpatrick95,Kirkpatrick97,Henry04,Kirkpatrick11
  M9.3: BardalezGagliuffi14 

  G=17.2383+-0.0024(GaiaDR2), 
  Ic=15.79(Tinney93, Tinney95,vanAltena95,Henry04), I=15.8(Martin94),
  Y=13.494+-0.002(UKIDSS, Lawrence12), J=12.614+-0.023(2MASS),
  H=11.842+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=11.347+-0.021(2MASS).
  Teff=1975K(Tinney93), 2451+-112K(Dahn02). plx=55.4340+-0.3516mas(GaiaDR2).
  (G-Ks)=5.891, M_G=15.957, M_Ks=10.066.

BRI 1222-1222 = 2MASSI J1224522-123835 = BR B1222-1221
  M8Ve: Gizis02
  M8.5: BardalezGagliuffi14(near-IR,SpeX)
 *M9V: Kirkpatrick95,Kirkpatrick97,Gizis00(M9e),Burgasser15

  Teff=2496+-100K(Dahn02). GaiaEDR3: plx=57.9715+-0.1233mas,
  G=17.113316+-0.003166. G-Ks=5.76, M_G=15.934, M_Ks=10.174.

# Other Stars

2MASS J14112131-2119503 = DENIS J141121.2-211950 = 2MASSI J1411213-211950
  M8: Gagne14(near-IR)
  M8.5\beta: Gagne15("INT-G")
 *M9V: Cruz03,Kendall04,Cruz07,Schmidt07,Reiners09,Gagne14(optical),Burgasser15

  Appears to be a young/pre-MS star or brown dwarf but does not belong
  to any known young associations, and Gagne flags it as a \beta
  (lower surface gravity). BANYAN Sigma gives 99.9% membership to
  "field", i.e. <0.1% belonging to any of the known young groups
  within 150 pc. Its absolute magnitude (M_G=13.645) is ~2.5 mag
  brighter than typical M9Vs (M_G ~ 16.2)! So this is clearly an
  unusual, probably young, low surface gravity object and its
  properties not typical for M8 or M9 field dwarfs.  No published V
  magnitude. GaiaEDR3: plx=21.9267+-0.2437mas, G=16.940441 0.004578,
  E(BP/RP)=1.942, Bp-Rp=5.301646, Bp-G=3.655367,
  G-Rp=1.646279. J=12.437+-0.022, H=11.826+-0.027,
  Ks=11.330+-0.021. M_G=13.645, M_Ks=8.035, G-Ks=5.610.  Teffs:
  2600+-200K(Gagne15). RV=-0.8+-3.0km/s(Reidel17).  Fbol=4.59e-11
  mW/m2, EW(Halpha)=-5.98A(emission)(Schmidt17).
  
BRI 0021-0214 = DY Psc = 2MASS J00242463-0158201
 *M9.0V: Henry04
  M9.5: Leggett01,Geballe02,Lodieu05,Dieterich14

  V=19.42(Reid04), V=19.81+-0.031(Dieterich14),
  Rc=17.47+-0.015(Dieterich14), Rc=17.301+-0.006(Liebert06),
  Ic=15.15+-0.012(Dieterich15), Ic=15.022+-0.003(Liebert06),
  I=15.07(vanAltena95).  J=11.992+-0.035(2MASS),
  H=11.084+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=10.539+-0.023(2MASS).  Henry04 didn't
  list a Vmag, but Rc=17.42, Ic=15.16 from Dahn02.  Adopting Vmag from
  Reid04 and Ic from Liebert06, V-Ic = 4.398. Adopting Vmag from
  Dieterich14 and Ks from 2MASS: V-Ks = 9.271. Leggett06 reports MKO
  JHK photometry (it is a standard). Note that the colors are almost
  identical to the M9V standards. plx = 82.5+-3.4 mas (VanAltena95),
  80.71+-0.95mas(Weinberger16).
  Mv=19.345+-0.040(Dieterich14,Weinberger16),
  M_Ks=10.074+-0.034(2MASS,Weinberger16), Teff=2284K(Gautier07).
  Leggett01: fbol = 8.17e-14 W/m2 => mbol = 13.722 (IAU2015 scale) =>
  BC_Ks = 13.722 - 10.539 = 3.183, BCv = 13.722 - 19.81 = -6.088.


2M 0140+27 = 2MASS J01400263+2701505 = LSPM J0140+2701 = binary ALP 5 (sep=31.8")
  M8.5: Allen07
  M9: Rice10 
  M9.5V: Reid02(in Glebocki05)

  J=12.487+-0.021(2MASS), J=12.51+-0.02(Allen07,IRTF),
  H=11.820+-0.022(2MASS), Ks=11.432+-0.021(2MASS),
  Ks=11.44+-0.02(Allen07,IRTF). Dist=17.3 pc(Allen07), 19.4+-3.5 pc
  (Lepin05). Teff=2753K(Rice10)

ESO 207-61 (J070753.3-490050)
 *M9V: Henry04
  M8.5V: Kirkpatrick11,Lodieu05(M8.5e)

  Henry04 lists V=20.39, Rc=18.63, Ic=16.23.  V=20.39
  (vanAltena95,Henry04), V=20.99(Jenkins09, source unknown = they say
  "Hipparcos", which is nonsense). J=13.228+-0.026(2MASS),
  H=12.538+-0.030(2MASS), Ks=12.105+-0.024(2MASS). plx = 54.10+-4.50
  (Dupuy12,Tinney96). Adopting V=20.39 and 2MASS K: V-K=8.285.
  Mv = 19.06 (Jenkins09,Tinney96), M_Ks=10.771+-0.182(Tinney96,2MASS).

SSSPM J1444-2019 = WISEA J144418.19-201945.6
  d/sdM7: BardalezGagliuffi14(near-IR)
  sdM9: Scholz04(Faherty09,"sdM9.0")
  M9.0: BardalezGagliuffi14(SpeX)
  sdL0: Kirkpatrick16(optical & near-IR)

  SIMBAD default spectral type listed as "M9.0VI:".  Metal-poor, high
  velocity M9 first characterized by Scholz04 (2004A&A...428L..25S).
  Scholz04: "We present the discovery of a new extreme high proper
  motion object (∼3.5arcsec/year) which we classify as an ultracool
  subdwarf with [M/H]~-0.5. It has a formal spectral type of sdM9 but
  also shows L-type features: while the VO bands are completely
  absent, it exhibits extremely strong TiO absorption in its optical
  spectrum. With a radial velocity of about -160km/s and a rough
  distance estimate of 16-24pc, it is likely one of the nearest halo
  members crossing the Solar neighbourhood with a heliocentric space
  velocity of (U,V,W)=(-244,-256,-100)±(32,77,6)km/s." GaiaEDR3:
  plx=58.1427+-0.1227mas, G=16.652800 0.003277. J=12.546+-0.026,
  H=12.142+-0.026, Ks=11.933+-0.026.  (G-Ks)=4.719, M_G=15.583,
  M_Ks=10.864. Combination of M_G and M_Ks is deviant (M_G is about
  0.6 mag too bright given the M_Ks).
  
  
# Comments

The only M9V stars in the dwarf archive
(http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/davy/ARCHIVE/index.shtml) as of
July 2013 are:

2MASS J03393521-3525440 = LP 944-20 
2MASS J08533619-0329321 = LHS 2065 (sec. standard, see above; Kirkpatrick91)
2MASS J12245222-1238352 = BRI 1222-1222 (Kirkpatrick95)
2MASS J14284323+3310391 = LHS 2924 (pri. standard, see above; Henry90)
2MASS J15101685-0241078 = TVLM 868-110639 (Kirkpatrick95)

# V-K vs. Mv
V-Ks  Mv    M_Ks
8.285 19.06 10.771+-0.182 ; non-standard ESO 207-61 (Henry04)
8.836 19.37 10.534+-0.039 ; pri. stan. LHS 2924
8.84                      ; non-stan.  SSS2356-3426 
8.858 19.15 10.288+-0.037 ; sec. stan. LHS 2065 (Dieterich14 has 9.00)
8.92                      ; non-stan. 2MA1501+2250 
9.00                      ; non-stan. RG0050-2722
9.06                      ; non-stan. BRI1222-1222 
9.08                      ; non-stan. LHS4039C 
9.12                      ; non-stan. SSS2307-5009 
9.152 19.66 10.512+-0.027 ; sec. stan. LP944-20 (Burgasser14)
9.271 19.35 10.074+-0.034 ; non-stan. BRI 0021-0214 
9.94                      ; non-stan. SIP2045-6332 

adopt V-Ks=9.00